Pelajaran 90 – Menarik Kesimpulan Dari Keterangan yang Ada

PART I: BEFORE THE BROADCAST

Masih ingat . . . . . ? KEMUNGKINAN (Lihatlah kembali Lesson 83)

Kemungkinan di MASA KINI atau MASA DEPAN

It’s cloudy. It MAY rain.

Chris isn’t in his room. He MIGHT be in the garden.

Your sunglasses COULD be in your room.

Dan di MASA LAMPAU

Chris isn’t here. He MAY HAVE gone out.

He’s late. He MIGHT HAVE missed the bus.

Lucia’s out. She COULD HAVE gone over to Chris’s.

Sekarang . . . . . . . . . . . MENARIK KESIMPULAN DARI KETERANGAN YANG ADA

Kesimpulan positip tentang MASA KINI atau MASA DEPAN (MUST + BENTUK DASAR KATA KERJA)

MARGARET: His name’s Hadi. He MUST be Indonesian.

JANE: Yes. And his friend’s name is I Made Sudira. He MUST come from Bali.

BERT: The exhibition starts on the seventeenth.

CHRIS: Well, today’s the sixteenth. It MUST start tomorrow.

Dalam contoh-contoh ini dipakai MUST + BENTUK DASAR KATA KERJA untuk menyatakan suatu kesimpulan yang pasti, yaitu kesimpulan satu-satunya yang dapat ditarik dari keterangan yang ada/diberikan. Kadang-kadang kita tidak 100% yakin, tetapi merasa cukup pasti untuk memakai pola tadi:

BERT: Margaret MUST be in the kitchen. She’s usually there at this time.

JANE: Chris sees Lucia almost every day. He MUST like her a lot.

MAX: You’ve been running! You MUST be hot.

Kesimpulan negatip tentang MASA KINI atau MASA DEPAN (CAN’T + BENTUK DASAR KATA KERJA)

BERT: There’s someone knocking at the door. Perhaps it’s Fred.

CHRIS: No, it CAN’T be Fred. He’s in Melbourne.

JANE: I haven’t seen Mary today.

SUE: I haven’t either. She CAN’T be here today.

JANE: She CAN’T comb her hair very often. It always looks awful!

Kesimpulan positip tentang MASA LAMPAU (MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE)

DON: That man owned three cars and several houses when he died.

JANE: He MUST HAVE been very rich!

CHRIS: I can’t open this door. Someone MUST HAVE locked it.

CHRIS: I rang Lucia last night, but she didn’t answer. She MUST HAVE gone out.

BERT: Chris has gone out, and the car’s still in the garage. He MUST HAVE gone by bus.

Kesimpulan negatip tentang MASA LAMPAU (CAN’T/COULDN’T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE)

CHRIS: Who took my book?

IWAN: It CAN’T HAVE been Tony because he’s away today.

JANE: Chris COULDN’T HAVE SAID that! He’s too polite.

(Catatan: Dalam bahasa Inggris lisan, must have biasanya disingkat menjadi must’ve [MAStəv] — tetapi ditulis must have. Can’t have biasanya disingkat menjadi can’t ‘ve [KĀNtəv] — tetapi ditulis can’t have.)

Bentuk pasip untuk menyatakan kesimpulan

(a) Positip (MUST + HAVE + BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE)

Look! This tree must have been damaged by the storm!

Bill had to go to the doctor. He must have been hurt in that accident.

(b) Negatip (CAN’T/COULDN’T + HAVE + BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE)

That letter can’t have been written by the director. He’s overseas.

But these socks couldn’t have been mended! There are holes in them.

Kesimpulan sebagai jawaban atas pertanyaan dengan WHY

WHY does he always talk about Lucia? He must like her a lot.

WHY doesn’t he do well in exams? He can’t study enough.

WHY didn’t she answer the phone? She must have gone out.

WHY didn’t he come to the party? He can’t have wanted to.

BE READY FOR THESE WORDS AND PHRASES IN THE BROADCAST

a razor [REIzə] = pisau cukur

a collection [kəLEKsyən] = kumpulan/koleksi

Balinese [bāləNĪZ] = Bali (kata sifat)

typical [TIPikəl] = khas

wear-wore-worn [WEə-WŌ-WŌN]

show-showed-shown [SYOU-SYOUD-SYOUN]

I’ll see who it is [ail SĪ HŪ_ət_IZ] = Coba saya lihat siapa itu

I’m a little hot [aim_ə_LITəl HOT] = Saya sedikit kepanasan

change your mind [CEINJ yō MAIND] = merubah/berganti pikiran

find a new friend [FAIND_ə NYŪ FREND] = mendapat teman baru

It’s made by hand [əts MEID bai HÆND] = (Itu) dibuat dengan tangan

on the coast [on dhə KOUST] = di daerah pantai

climb through the window [KLAIM thrū . . .] = memanjat lewat jendela

catch a thief [KÆC_ə THĪF] = menangkap pencuri

leave the radio on [LĪV dhə REIdiyouw_on] = radionya ditinggalkan hidup

laugh at sth. [LĀF_ət . . .] = mentertawakan sesuatu

a pocket [POKət] = saku

a thief (plural—thieves) [THĪF (THĪVZ)]

a gun [GAN] = senapan/bedil

steal-stole-stolen [STĪL-STOUL-STOUlən] = mencuri

The door’s locked [dhə DŌZ LOKT] = Pintu itu terkunci

You must be joking* [yū MUST bī JOUKing] = Saudara tentu hanya berkelakar saja

The front door was closed [dhə FRANT DŌ wəz KLOUZD] = Pintu muka tertutup

Sekarang, mari persiapkan diri untuk mengikuti siaran interaktif berikut: