Pelajaran 57 – Menceritakan Kalimat Berita

PART I: BEFORE THE BROADCAST

Masih ingat? Menceritakan kembali Permintaan dan Perintah

“Come in, please.” -> He asked me to come in.

“Please don’t go.” -> He asked me not to go.

“Sit down!” -> He told me to sit down.

“Don’t worry!” -> He told me not to worry.

Sekarang… MENYAMPAIKAN (MENCERITAKAN KEMBALI) KALIMAT BERITA

KALIMAT BERITA

Monday: CHRIS: Hullo, Iwan. How are you?

IWAN: I’m sick. I feel miserable. But I don’t want to go to bed. I’ll be O.K. soon.

Tuesday: CHRIS: I saw Iwan yesterday.

HELEN: What did he say?

DICERITAKAN KEMBALI

CHRIS: HE SAID he was sick. (He said) he felt miserable, but he didn’t want to go to bed. HE SAID he would be O.K. soon.

Saturday—2 p.m. CHRIS (DI TELEPON): Hullo, Sue. Are you going to come to the party tonight?

SUE: No, I can’t come. I’m working. I’m studying for some exams.

Saturday—8 p.m. IWAN (DI PESTA): Where’s Sue?

CHRIS: SHE SAID she couldn’t come to the party. SHE SAID she was working—she was studying for some exams.

Di bawah ini adalah cara kita menceritakan kembali atau menyampaikan berita/keterangan:

DIRECT SPEECH (= Ucapan sesungguhnya/Langsung)

INDIRECT OR REPORTED SPEECH (= Ucapan Tak Langsung/Diceritakan Kembali)

Iwan: “I’m sick.” -> Chris: He said he was sick.

Iwan: “I don’t want to go to bed.” -> Chris: He said he didn’t want to go to bed.

Sue: “I can’t come to the party.” -> Chris: She said she couldn’t come to the party.

Sue: “I’m working.” -> Chris: She said she was working.

PEDOMAN UNTUK MENGUBAH DIRECT SPEECH MENJADI INDIRECT SPEECH/REPORTED SPEECH

The Simple Present Tense berubah menjadi The Simple Past Tense

The Present Continuous Tense berubah menjadi The Past Continuous Tense

Can/can’t berubah menjadi could/couldn’t

Will/won’t berubah menjadi would/wouldn’t

Kalau orang yang menceritakan kembali bukan pembicara sesungguhnya:

I berubah menjadi he atau she (atau you)

my berubah menjadi his atau her (atau your)

we berubah menjadi they (atau you)

our berubah menjadi their (atau your)

Ada kemungkinan diperlukan perubahan kata ganti lain; hal ini tergantung pada siapa yang berbicara dan siapa yang menceritakannya kembali:

IWAN: You’re tall, Chris.

CHRIS: He said I was tall.

TETAPI

IWAN: You’re tall, Chris.

JANE: He said he was tall.

Lihatlah contoh-contoh di bawah ini dan perhatikan bagaimana kita mengubah tenses (dan beberapa kata ganti) dalam Reported Speech. (Dalam setiap contoh kita umpamakan “he” yang sedang berbicara.)

Simple Present berubah menjadi Simple Past

“I’m in my room.” -> He said he was in his room.

“I want to leave.” -> He said he wanted to leave.

“She always looks nice.” -> He said she always looked nice.

“I’m not sick.” -> He said he wasn’t sick.

“We don’t want any more to eat.” -> He said they didn’t want any more to eat.

“It isn’t hot enough.” -> He said it wasn’t hot enough.

Present Continuous berubah menjadi Past Continuous

“It’s raining.” -> He said it was raining.

“She’s driving too fast.” -> He said she was driving too fast.

“They’re playing tennis.” -> He said they were playing tennis.

“We aren’t working hard enough.” -> He said they weren’t working hard enough.

“You aren’t listening.” -> He said I wasn’t listening.

“I’m not joking.” -> He said he wasn’t joking.

Will/Won’t berubah menjadi Would/Wouldn’t [wud/WUDənt]

“I’ll come.” -> He said he would come. / he’d come. [hid KAM]

“She’ll help us.” -> He said she would help us. / she’d help us. [ʃid HELP_əs]

“I won’t pass my exam.” -> He said he wouldn’t pass his exam.

Can/Can’t berubah menjadi Could/Couldn’t [kud/kəd/KUDənt]

“I can do it.” -> He said he could do it. [hi kəd DU_ət]

“She can play the piano.” -> He said she could play the piano.

“They can’t come.” -> He said they couldn’t come.

Kata Kerja SAY Untuk Menceritakan Kembali Ucapan Seseorang

Lihatlah bagaimana kata kerja SAY dipergunakan untuk menceritakan kembali ucapan seseorang, dan perhatikan bahwa kata ini diletakkan di muka apa yang diceritakan kembali.

Tertulis: “I’m tired,” he said.

Diceritakan Kembali: He said he was tired.

(Atau, He said: “I’m tired.” Tetapi ini jarang dipakai.)

Diucapkan: I’m tired.

Diceritakan Kembali: He said he was tired.

BERHATI-HATILAH! Perhatikan perbedaan antara kata say dan tell apabila dipakai untuk menceritakan kembali:

I’m tired. -> He told me (John) he was tired. (Tell harus diikuti oleh suatu kata benda atau kata ganti.)

I’m tired. -> He said he was tired. (Say tidak diikuti oleh kata benda atau kata ganti, kecuali kalau kita letakkan kata to di muka kata benda atau kata ganti: He said to me (that) he was tired. Kalimat seperti ini jarang sekali dipakai.)

That dalam Reported Speech

Kata penghubung that (= bahwa) dapat kita pakai dalam ucapan tidak langsung, kalau mau, tetapi biasanya kata itu dihilangkan dalam kalimat berita yang pendek, atau dalam bahasa yang bersifat tidak resmi.

He said (that) she had lovely eyes. (That sebagai kata penghubung diucapkan [ðət]. Kalau kata tersebut dipakai sebagai kata penunjuk maka ucapannya berbeda: That [ÐÆT] book.)

Kata that biasanya dipakai dalam kalimat-kalimat yang bersifat lebih resmi:

The Prime Minister said that the problem was very difficult.

…dan dalam kalimat yang lebih panjang:

The Physics lecturer told the Engineering students that their examination marks this year were much better than last year.

Kata-kata kerja lain yang sering dipakai dalam Reported Speech

Kata-kata kerja di bawah ini bersifat lebih resmi dan biasanya diikuti oleh kata that (= bahwa).

Kata-kata kerja ini dapat dibagi menjadi dua kelompok:

(a) Kata kerja yang dapat diikuti oleh to + kata benda atau kata ganti, dan

(b) Kata kerja yang harus diikuti oleh kata benda atau kata ganti tanpa to.

(a) Kata kerja + to + kata benda/kata ganti

He mentioned (to me) that…

She explained (to us) that…

They complained (to her) that…

He commented (to Mary) that…

They pointed out (to their friends) that…

She suggested (to John) that…

(Arti kata-kata kerja di atas diberikan dalam Bagian II dari pelajaran ini.)

(b) Kata kerja + kata benda/kata ganti

He warned me that…

They assured Bill that…

He advised her that…

She let him know that…

They convinced everyone that…

BE READY FOR THESE WORDS AND PHRASES IN THE BROADCAST

a sentence [SENtəns] = kalimat

could/couldn’t [KUD(kəd)/KUDənt]

would/wouldn’t [WUD(wəd)/WUDənt]

say-said-said [SEI-SED-SED]

rest [REST] = beristirahat

come over [KAM_OUvə] = datang kemari

thin-thinner [THIN-THINə] = kurus—lebih kurus

You look fine/the same [yū luk FAIN/ðə SEIM] = Saudara kelihatan sehat/sama saja

Welcome home/back [WELkəm HOUM/BÆK] = Selamat datang kembali

It’s good to see you [əts GUD tə SĪ yū] = (Saya) senang bertemu dengan saudara

He’ll be glad to see her [hīl bī GLÆD tə SĪ hə/STə] = Dia akan senang bertemu dengan dia

an Asian trade fair [Eizyən TREID feə] = Pameran Dagang Asia

goods [GUDZ] = barang-barang

a product [PRODəkt] = hasil produksi

gold and silver work [GOULD_ən SIlvə wək] = barang-barang dari mas dan perak

a puppet [PAPət] = wayang

reported speech [rəPŌted SPĪČ]

warn [WŌN] = memperingatkan

assure [əŠYŌ] = menjamin

advise [ədVAIZ] = menasihati

let me know [LET mī NOU] = beri tahu saya

including [inKLŪding] = termasuk

hear about [HĪər_əbaut] = mendengar tentang

report [rəPŌT] = menyampaikan/melaporkan

mention [MENsyən] = menyebutkan

comment [KOMent] = memberi komentar/menanggapi

point out [POINT_AUT] = menunjukkan

suggest [səJEST] = menyarankan

convince [kənVINS] = meyakinkan

Sekarang, mari persiapkan diri untuk mengikuti siaran interaktif berikut: